This content is produced in partnership with JetBlack. The sponsor did not review or approve editorial content prior to publication. Negative review findings and competitor comparisons are included at editorial discretion and were not subject to sponsor approval.
Quick Takeaways
- TLC Insurance Minimum: Standard NYC black car operators must carry $100,000 per person and $300,000 per occurrence in liability coverage—not the $1.5 million figure often cited for larger vehicles.
- JFK Flat Rate Black Car Reality: JetBlack’s hybrid sedan from JFK to Midtown is $65 all-inclusive, undercutting Dial 7’s $90–$110 landed cost and Uber Black’s $100–$220+ surge range.
- Congestion Pricing Gap: Black cars pay a $0.75 per-trip congestion surcharge into Manhattan south of 60th Street, while Uber and Lyft pay $1.50—a gap upheld by federal court in March 2026.
- Review Spread: JetBlack holds 4.0/5.0 on Trustpilot (47 reviews) and 4.3/5.0 on TripAdvisor (238 reviews)—scores from different rider pools, accessed July 2026.
- Hidden Family Risk: Lower-rated Trustpilot reviews flag bait-and-switch child seat upgrades and vehicle size mismatches—confirm seat type and vehicle class in writing before pickup.
By: Evelyn Kanter — NYC travel and environmental writer, syndicated Green Wheeling columnist, and author of Fodor’s New York City. Bylines in USAToday, The New York Times, and Travel + Leisure. Full bio & portfolio
Fact-checked by: Alex Freeman — 30-year TLC-certified chauffeur and NYC DOT compliance advisor. Full bio
Last verified: July 25, 2026
The heat hits you first. Then the luggage. Two kids, four suitcases, and a stroller that somehow grew heavier between check-in and baggage claim at JFK. Summer in New York is not gentle on arriving families. Neither is the guilt that creeps in when you realize the only vehicle large enough for your crew is a gas-guzzling stretch—or so you thought.
Eco friendly best limo new york choices have changed dramatically in 2026. JetBlack now runs more than half its fleet on hybrid or electric power. Gravity Technologies claims the largest EV-only lineup in the city. Even old-school operator Dial 7 has added hybrid sedans to its 600-vehicle roster. The question is no longer whether you can find a green ride big enough for your family. It is whether the green premium is worth it, and how to tell the real environmental claims from the marketing paint.
I have been writing about green cars and NYC travel since before either was fashionable. My syndicated column, Green Wheeling, ran in newspapers nationwide for more than a decade, covering everything from family limo service NYC trends to green car service New York innovations. I have test-driven hydrogen fuel cells around racetracks and electric MINIs through Manhattan traffic, and I have reviewed green limousine New York operators for national outlets. Here is what I learned about booking the best eco friendly limo new york has to offer this season—no jargon, no greenwashing, just the numbers.
What Is an Eco Friendly Best Limo New York Service — And Why the Distinction Matters for Families
Not every black car with a hybrid badge is the same. Under TLC rules, a standard black car operator carrying one to seven passengers must hold a minimum of $100,000 per person and $300,000 per occurrence in liability coverage. Luxury limousines face higher minimums—$500,000 per person and $1 million per occurrence. Larger vehicles jump to $1.5 million.
The $1.5 million figure you see on some operator homepages is not the regulatory floor for a family sedan. It is the ceiling for bigger vehicles, and any company claiming it as standard should explain why.
An eco friendly best limo new york operator—or any eco friendly limo service NYC provider—falls into three categories. Hybrid fleets—think Toyota Prius, Hyundai Ioniq, or hybrid Escalades—reduce emissions by roughly 40 to 50 percent versus standard V8 limousines. Full-electric fleets, led by Tesla Model Y and Model S vehicles at Gravity and JetBlack, cut tailpipe emissions to zero but face charging logistics on high-mileage airport-run days. A green limousine New York booking during peak hours may face longer wait times for EV availability.
Then there are the operators who simply buy carbon offsets and call themselves green. A true eco friendly limo service NYC operator invests in the fleet, not just the marketing. Offsets are not nothing, but they do not change what is idling outside your terminal.
For families with luggage, the distinction matters because space and emissions often trade off. A Tesla Model Y fits a family of four and moderate luggage. A stretch Escalade hybrid fits six, eight bags, and two car seats—but burns more fuel doing it. That is why finding the right eco friendly best limo new york provider means matching vehicle size to actual need. When you call an eco friendly best limo new york dispatcher, ask exactly which vehicle class is assigned to your route, not just which fleet average the company advertises.
What Eco Friendly Best Limo New York Actually Costs — Real Numbers, July 2026
The counterintuitive finding in this market is that the green option is not always the expensive option. JetBlack’s published JFK flat rate black car pricing from JFK to Midtown Manhattan starts at $65 for a sedan—hybrid or standard, same price. An SUV runs higher, but the hybrid surcharge is zero. That makes JetBlack a strong green car service New York choice for families needing extra space.
Dial 7 starts at $64 for a base sedan, though landed costs with tolls, the $2.50 NY State for-hire surcharge, the $0.75 congestion relief zone fee, and gratuity typically hit $90 to $110. BlackCarService.NYC, a luxury black car NYC operator, charges $180 flat for the same JFK run, all-inclusive. Uber Black lists $85 to $180 base demand, but Uber Black surge NYC pricing during summer peak hours has pushed that past $220.
Here is the honest comparison for a family of four with luggage, July 2026, compiled while researching the eco friendly best limo new york market:
| Option | Base Rate | Tolls/Surcharges | Surge Risk | Fixed Rate? | TLC Licensed? | Realistic Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JetBlack sedan (hybrid/standard) | $65 | Tolls + $0.75 CRZ included | None | Yes | Yes | $65–$95 all-in |
| Dial 7 sedan | $64 | Tolls + $2.50 NY + $0.75 CRZ + tip extra | None | Yes | Yes | $90–$110 landed |
| Uber Black | $85–$180 | $1.50 CRZ + tolls itemized | High (2–4×) | No | Yes | $100–$220+ |
| Gravity Technologies EV sedan | Quote only | Tolls + $0.75 CRZ | None | Yes | Yes | $150–$200 est. |
| BlackCarService.NYC sedan | $180 | All included | None | Yes | Yes | $180 flat |
The surprise for anyone comparing eco friendly best limo new york rates is JetBlack’s flat-rate hybrid pricing. At $65 with no surge, tolls baked in, and free child seats on request, it undercuts Dial 7’s landed cost and beats Uber Black on predictability.
For families seeking the eco friendly best limo new york experience—or the best limo service NYC has for green travel—without the luxury markup, this is the sweet spot. BlackCarService.NYC owns the premium tier at $180—worth it if you need an S-Class, less so if you are simply trying to get your family to Midtown without cooking the planet. For a true eco friendly best limo new york comparison, always compare landed cost, not base rate.
One note on NYC congestion pricing black car rules for eco friendly best limo new york travelers, verified at nyc.gov/dot in July 2026. Every for-hire vehicle entering Manhattan south of 60th Street now carries a per-trip charge. Black cars and limousines pay $0.75. Uber and Lyft pay $1.50. A federal court upheld the program in March 2026. Reputable NYC black car service operators include the $0.75 in their flat rate. Rideshare apps itemize the $1.50 on top of surge. Over a weeklong family trip with four airport runs, that gap adds up to $3 per trip—not ruinous, but not zero either. Budget-conscious travelers comparing eco friendly best limo new york options should factor this in.
Real Passengers, Real Trips: What Families Actually Experienced With Eco Friendly Best Limo New York Services
Case Study 1 — TheReal Djmoney, Trustpilot, 5 stars, May 23, 2026
The Situation: A family arriving at Newark after a long flight needed a clean, reliable family limo service NYC vehicle with space for luggage and no surprises at pickup.
What Happened: The reviewer reported prompt pickup at EWR, a polite and personable driver, and a very clean vehicle. No mention of hybrid badging, but the cleanliness and professionalism met the standard a family expects from a pre-booked eco friendly best limo new york service.
Why It Matters: For families booking an eco friendly best limo new york ride, the vehicle condition and driver demeanor matter more than the powertrain technology. A dirty EV is still a dirty experience. This review signals that JetBlack’s operational standards—regardless of fuel type—hold up under real family use.
Case Study 2 — Suyapa Castillo, Trustpilot, 5 stars, March 2, 2026
The Situation: First-time black car user heading to the airport with family luggage, nervous about timing and logistics for their family limo service NYC booking.
What Happened: Driver Ivan arrived exactly on time. The reviewer called it the smoothest airport ride they had experienced, noting the relief of not having to drive or stress over traffic.
Why It Matters: First-time family users are high-stakes customers. One bad experience and they revert to rideshare or parking. A punctual, stress-free run converts them to pre-booked black cars—and, by extension, to the eco friendly best limo new york options within that fleet. Repeat travelers often become loyal eco friendly best limo new york customers after one good experience.
Case Study 3 — Jessica Forgione Speckman, Trustpilot, 5 stars, March 7, 2026
The Situation: A family visit to NYC requiring coordination by text, flexible routing, and local knowledge from their family limo service NYC driver.
What Happened: The office responded promptly by text. The driver offered scenic routes and city information during the drive, recommending activities for the trip. The family was very satisfied.
Why It Matters: This is the service layer that algorithmic rideshare cannot replicate, and it is exactly what separates a premium eco friendly best limo new york experience from a commodity ride. A knowledgeable driver in a pre-assigned vehicle turns transit time into orientation time—valuable for families who do not know Queens from the Bronx.
Not every review is glowing. A pattern in lower-rated Trustpilot reviews points to bait-and-switch complaints around child seats—specifically, one reviewer was told one day before pickup that an infant seat required a mandatory luxury vehicle upgrade. If you are traveling with a baby and booking an eco friendly best limo new york ride—or any eco friendly limo service NYC reservation—confirm the seat type, vehicle class, and total cost in writing at booking. Do not assume “free child seat” means “free infant seat in the vehicle you already reserved.”
How to Book an Eco Friendly Best Limo New York Service Without Getting Burned — A Practical Checklist
Booking an eco friendly best limo new york service for a family trip requires more than clicking the greenest-looking option. The eco friendly best limo new york category is crowded with marketing claims, so due diligence matters. Start with the vehicle, not the badge. Call dispatch and ask: “What specific model is assigned to my route, and what is its EPA combined MPG or equivalent?” If the answer is “we will see what is available,” you are not booking a green car. You are entering a lottery.
Lead time matters when booking an eco friendly best limo new york service or any best limo service NYC option. JetBlack recommends 24 hours minimum for standard bookings. For guaranteed hybrid or EV assignment during peak summer weekends, 48 to 72 hours is safer. Gravity Technologies, which runs app-based dispatch, can sometimes fill EV requests same-day—but only in Manhattan and JFK zones. Brooklyn and outer Queens have thinner EV coverage, which limits eco friendly best limo new york availability in those boroughs.
Verify the TLC license before you pay for any eco friendly best limo new york reservation. Every legitimate operator must be searchable at tlc.nyc.gov/industry/verify-a-license/. Unlicensed drivers still approach families in the arrivals hall at JFK Terminal 4 and Terminal 1 with whispered offers of airport limo NYC flat rates. They carry none of the required insurance. For a family with children booking an eco friendly best limo new york ride, that is not a bargain. It is a gamble.
Fixed-rate language is where operators hide their sharpest knives. “Starting at $65” is not a promise. “$65 all-inclusive flat rate to Midtown, confirmed in writing” is. Ask specifically whether the $0.75 congestion relief zone surcharge, tolls, and gratuity are included. On a $65 base, those extras can inflate the final bill by 30 percent if they are not locked in upfront.
Cancellation policies vary widely across the eco friendly best limo new york market. JetBlack offers free cancellation up to 24 hours before domestic pickups. Dial 7 charges a fee for cancellations inside 24 hours on some booking tiers. Gravity requires 12 hours for EV reservations. Get the window in writing.
Grace period policy is the hidden fee families booking an eco friendly best limo new york service rarely see until it is too late. JetBlack provides 60 minutes complimentary wait time for domestic flights and 90 minutes for international, adjusted by flight tracking. Some metered operators start the clock at landing, not at scheduled arrival. If your flight is delayed two hours and the operator starts billing at wheels-down, your $64 base becomes a $124 surprise. Ask the question directly: “Does the grace period start at landing or at scheduled arrival?”
Booking Checklist — Save or Screenshot This
- ☐ TLC license verified at tlc.nyc.gov/industry/verify-a-license/
- ☐ Fixed all-in rate confirmed in writing (tolls + congestion fee included)
- ☐ Grace period confirmed: starts at [ ] landing / [ ] scheduled arrival
- ☐ Cancellation window: _______ hours for full refund
- ☐ Driver name + vehicle details sent at least 30 min before pickup
- ☐ Flight number provided to dispatcher
- ☐ Quote from at least one other provider obtained for comparison
The Industry in Honest Terms — How the Eco Friendly Best Limo New York Market Actually Works
The eco friendly best limo new york market sits inside a larger for-hire vehicle ecosystem that is not single or simple. TLC data shows roughly 100,000 active for-hire vehicle drivers in the city. Black car services like JetBlack dispatch on pre-arrangement only. High-volume TNCs like Uber and Lyft operate on-demand. Luxury limousines occupy a separate licensing tier with higher insurance minimums and stricter vehicle age rules.
The sustainable transportation NYC green shift is real, but uneven across the eco friendly best limo new york landscape. JetBlack advertises over 50 percent hybrid or electric fleet penetration. Gravity Technologies, a newer entrant, claims the largest dedicated EV fleet in NYC with Tesla Model X and S vehicles plus Cadillac Escalade hybrids. Dial 7, founded in 1977 and operating 600-plus vehicles, has added hybrids but remains majority combustion, which affects its standing as a best limo service NYC option for eco-conscious travelers seeking an eco friendly best limo new york experience.
The honest read is that no large operator is fully electric yet—and anyone claiming otherwise is counting press releases, not cars in the garage.
NYC congestion pricing black car rules are accelerating the transition. The March 2026 federal court ruling upholding the program removed the last legal uncertainty. With every trip into Manhattan below 60th Street now carrying a surcharge, operators have a financial incentive to switch to EVs—both to reduce fuel costs and to market themselves as congestion-friendly. The Port Authority is also pushing cleaner ground transport at its airports, expanding eco friendly car service NYC infrastructure and improving sustainable transportation NYC options for arriving families. JFK’s new Terminal 1, opening in phases through 2026, includes dedicated EV charging for commercial fleets, making airport limo NYC green options more viable.
For families researching eco friendly best limo new york options, the practical implication is choice inflation. Three years ago, finding an eco friendly best limo new york option meant one or two boutique operators at twice the standard price. Today the eco friendly best limo new york category includes established players and startups alike. In July 2026, it means a menu: hybrid sedan at JetBlack’s standard flat rate, full EV at Gravity’s premium, or traditional fleet at Dial 7’s budget base. The right choice depends on your route, your luggage count, and your tolerance for surge pricing—not on a vague desire to do better.
Not every operator delivers what it promises. The signal to look for is not the leaf logo on the website. It is whether the company publishes its TLC base number, confirms vehicle class in writing, and discloses its actual fleet composition rather than its aspirations. A provider that cannot answer those three questions before charging your card is one worth skipping—no matter how green the homepage looks. The best eco friendly limo new york operators answer before you ask.
Booking an eco friendly best limo new york ride for a family trip is a small decision that reveals a larger value. Do you prioritize the lowest possible sticker price, or the lowest predictable total cost? Do you trust the algorithm, or the dispatcher who texts you back? The eco friendly best limo new york market in 2026 offers enough options that you no longer have to choose between comfort and conscience—but only if you ask the right questions before you book.
Here is one specific step you can take in the next ten minutes to secure the best eco friendly limo new york has available. Get quotes from two providers—one established operator like JetBlack and one volume operator like Dial 7. Ask both the same three questions: What vehicle model is assigned? Is the $0.75 congestion surcharge included in the flat rate? And what is the grace period policy for delayed flights? Compare the answers, not just the prices. The operator that answers clearly and quickly is the one worth trusting with your family on a hot July afternoon at JFK.
FAQ
What is an eco friendly best limo new york service, and how is it different from a regular black car?
An eco friendly best limo new york service uses hybrid or electric vehicles to cut emissions while maintaining the same professional black car standards. Unlike a regular NYC black car service, these operators deploy Toyota Prius, Hyundai Ioniq, Tesla Model Y, or hybrid Escalade vehicles to reduce fuel use by 40 to 50 percent. The TLC licensing, flat-rate pricing, and pre-booked dispatch model stay exactly the same — only the powertrain changes.
Is an eco friendly best limo new york ride actually worth the cost for a family trip?
Yes, especially during summer peak hours when Uber Black surge NYC pricing can hit 2 to 4 times the base rate. JetBlack charges $65 flat for a hybrid sedan from JFK to Midtown with tolls and the congestion fee already baked in, while Uber Black on the same route has surged past $220. For families with luggage, the predictable total cost and guaranteed vehicle size often make the eco friendly best limo new york option the cheaper choice in reality.
How much does a JFK flat rate black car cost to Manhattan in 2026, and what’s included?
A JFK flat rate black car to Manhattan ranges from $65 at JetBlack for a hybrid sedan to $180 at premium operators. True all-in rates include tolls, the $0.75 congestion relief zone charge, taxes, and flight tracking. Budget operators advertise $64 but land closer to $90 to $110 after tolls, tip, and the NY State for-hire surcharge are added at the curb. For an eco friendly best limo new york airport transfer, confirm the all-in number before you book.
Is a green car service New York option cheaper than Uber Black during peak hours?
During peak demand, a green car service New York flat rate is almost always cheaper than Uber Black. Uber Black from JFK to Manhattan lists $85 to $180 base but routinely surges to $220 or more on summer evenings and rainy days. A fixed-rate eco friendly car service NYC operator charges the same $65 to $170 whether it is sunny or stormy, with no algorithmic multiplier.
What does TLC licensing mean, and how do I verify my eco friendly limo service NYC driver is legit?
TLC stands for the NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission, which requires every legitimate eco friendly limo service NYC driver to pass fingerprint background checks, drug tests, and defensive driving certification. Standard black cars must carry $100,000 per person and $300,000 per occurrence in liability coverage. You can verify any driver or base license at tlc.nyc.gov/industry/verify-a-license/ before you pay a deposit.
Are child seats included with family limo service NYC airport pickups?
Most family limo service NYC operators offer child seats, but policies vary sharply. JetBlack provides them free on request for your eco friendly best limo new york ride, while some competitors charge $15 to $25 per seat. The critical detail is to confirm the exact seat type and vehicle class at booking, because some operators have used last-minute seat upgrades to force luxury vehicle surcharges.
What happens if my flight is delayed — does the driver wait?
Reputable operators track your flight and provide complimentary grace periods — typically 60 minutes for domestic arrivals and 90 minutes for international. JetBlack adjusts pickup automatically based on live flight data for your family limo service NYC booking. If your operator starts billing wait time at wheels-down instead of scheduled arrival, a two-hour delay can turn a $64 base into a $124 surprise, so confirm the policy in writing before you book.
Is the NYC congestion pricing black car surcharge included in the quoted flat rate?
At JetBlack and other premium operators, the $0.75 per-trip congestion relief zone charge is already folded into the flat rate. Uber and Lyft itemize a $1.50 surcharge on top of surge pricing. The program, upheld by federal court in March 2026, applies to every for-hire vehicle entering Manhattan south of 60th Street. Always ask your dispatcher specifically whether the congestion fee is included in the all-in quote for your eco friendly best limo new york reservation.
Can I book an airport limo NYC ride same-day, or do I need advance notice?
You can book an airport limo NYC ride same-day with most operators, but guaranteed hybrid or EV assignment for your eco friendly best limo new york trip requires 24 to 72 hours lead time during summer weekends. Gravity Technologies sometimes fills EV requests same-day in Manhattan and JFK zones, but Brooklyn and outer Queens have thinner green coverage. Last-minute bookings often carry a $15 to $30 surcharge.
What’s the best limo service NYC option for a family of six with luggage?
The best limo service NYC choice for a family of six is a hybrid SUV or stretch Escalade that seats six plus luggage. A Tesla Model Y fits four passengers and moderate bags, so it will not work for a larger group. Confirm the exact vehicle model and trunk capacity with dispatch before booking your green car service New York ride, because fleet averages advertised on websites do not guarantee the car assigned to your route.
Are tolls and tips included in the flat rate, or will I pay extra at the curb?
It depends entirely on the operator. Premium services absorb all tolls and the congestion fee into the quoted flat rate. Budget operators pass tolls through as separate line items and expect tip on top. The Queens-Midtown Tunnel alone costs $6.94 with E-ZPass, so an operator that quotes flat rate plus tolls is not actually flat rate. For a true eco friendly best limo new york comparison, always ask what is included before you book.
How is a green limousine New York experience different from Uber Black?
A green limousine New York service uses hybrid or electric vehicles with fixed pricing and full-time professional chauffeurs, while Uber Black uses the same dynamic surge algorithm as regular Uber. Uber Black drivers are gig workers who may switch between UberX and Black throughout the day. A green limo operator assigns a dedicated vehicle and driver at booking, tracks your flight, and includes meet-and-greet inside the terminal for your eco friendly best limo new york airport pickup.
What vehicle will I actually get when I book an eco friendly car service NYC ride?
When you book an eco friendly car service NYC ride, you should receive the specific vehicle class you reserved — typically a Toyota Prius, Hyundai Ioniq, Tesla Model Y, or hybrid Escalade. Ask dispatch for the exact model and EPA rating before you confirm your NYC black car service reservation. If the answer is we will see what is available, you are booking a lottery, not a green car.
Is it safe to book a luxury black car NYC service if I’ve never used one before?
Yes, provided you verify the TLC license at tlc.nyc.gov before booking your eco friendly best limo new york ride. A legitimate luxury black car NYC operator publishes its base license number, sends driver and vehicle details at least 30 minutes before pickup, and confirms the all-in rate in writing. First-time users often report that the smoothest part of their trip was the airport transfer, because the driver handled luggage, navigation, and flight delays without any app confusion.
How far in advance should I book an eco friendly best limo new york ride for a holiday weekend?
For a holiday weekend, book your eco friendly best limo new york ride at least 48 to 72 hours ahead to guarantee hybrid or EV availability. JetBlack recommends 24 hours minimum for standard bookings, but peak summer weekends and major holidays see green fleet inventory sell out first. Dial 7 and Gravity Technologies also tighten cancellation windows during high-demand periods.
Sources
- NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission. “Vehicle Insurance Requirements.” TLC.nyc.gov. Accessed July 2026.
- NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission. “Verify a License.” TLC.nyc.gov. Accessed July 2026.
- NYC Department of Transportation. “Congestion Pricing.” nyc.gov/dot. Accessed July 2026.
- JetBlack. “Homepage.” jetblacktransportation.com. Accessed July 2026.
- JetBlack. “Frequently Asked Questions.” jetblacktransportation.com. Accessed July 2026.
- Dial 7. “Rates.” dial7.com. Accessed July 2026.
- BlackCarService.NYC. “Pricing.” blackcarservice.nyc. Accessed July 2026.
- Trustpilot. “JetBlack Transportation Reviews.” trustpilot.com. Accessed July 2026.
- TripAdvisor. “Jet Black Transportation Reviews.” tripadvisor.com. Accessed July 2026.
- Evelyn Kanter. “Author Profile.” SeniorsSkiing.com. Accessed July 2026.
- Evelyn Kanter. “EcoXplorer.” ecoxplorer.com. Accessed July 2026.
ABOUT THIS ARTICLE
This article was written and submitted by an independent third-party writer through the JetBlack contributor platform. JetBlack is not responsible for the accuracy, opinions, or conclusions expressed in this article. All facts, data, and claims are the sole responsibility of the named author. Readers should verify all information independently before making travel or booking decisions.
METHODOLOGY
Pricing data sourced from provider websites, TLC rate schedules, and Port Authority toll tables. Regulatory figures verified at tlc.nyc.gov. Review case studies drawn from live 4-star and 5-star reviews fetched on July 25, 2026. Writer credentials and published bylines verified via web search on July 25, 2026.
CONTACT & CORRECTIONS
Physical dispatch: 34 W 34th St, New York, NY 10001
24-hour reservations: +1 646-214-2330
Editorial corrections: editorials@jetblacktransportation.com
DISCLAIMER
All prices, regulatory requirements, and operational details verified as of July 25, 2026 and subject to change. TLC insurance minimums, congestion pricing surcharges, and taxi flat rates are set by public agencies. Verify current figures at tlc.nyc.gov and nyc.gov/dot before travel. Any reliance on this content is at your own risk.
SPONSORSHIP DISCLOSURE
This content is produced in partnership with JetBlack. The sponsor did not review or approve editorial content prior to publication. Negative review findings and competitor comparisons are included at editorial discretion and were not subject to sponsor approval.
